Measurement of a full-scale Me 109 warplane by Messerschmitt in the large wind tunnel 6 of the Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt in 1941 (Source: Zentrales Archiv des Deutschen Luft- und Raumfahrtzentrums Göttingen)
Project (2012-)

Fluid Mechanics in Times of War: Research Practices Interacting Politics, Industry, and the Military

This project comprises a comprehensive institutional study about the history of the Aerodynamic Research Establishment (Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt—AVA) in Göttingen and its predecessor organizations (1907–1950). Several case studies focused on the interdependencies of politics, industry, and the military with regard to the epistemic and cognitive developments in fluid dynamics. How did local institutional arrangements shape epistemic objects in experimental practices and how was local research interrelated with national and international demands? Specific patterns of the adaptation of scientists and their research to armament purposes and to war conditions will be studied by analyzing essential research episodes in fluid dynamics during World War I and II, discussing aerodynamics of airplanes, submarine propellers, and projectiles. In particular, the project looked to discern how, under the influence of the military and war, certain hybrid, multi-disciplinary forms and reconfigurations of research developed. How were common epistemic patterns reshaped by military and industrial needs? To what extent did scientists of the AVA influence research programs and science policy beyond their local context? The study aimed to shed light on the international development of aeronautical research in Nazi-occupied Europe where the AVA established a network of outposts from 1940 onwards, exploiting research facilities and scientific resources for the purposes of German military aeronautical research. How did Allied military intelligence systematically organize the transfer of knowledge and scientists, evaluating and skimming the results of German war research in fluid dynamics?

The project comprised four dimensions, respectively:

  1. institutional development, structure, and profile
  2. dynamics in research (conjunctions of experimental research with efforts of mathematization and engineering technologies)
  3. hybridization of research
  4. networking with other research institutions and with military, political, and industrial agencies

Conference Appearances

7 November 2019

Winfkanäle, Überschall-Aerodynamik und Krieg: Das Fallbeispiel der Aerodynamischen Versuchsanstalt Göttingen bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Workshop: Windkanäle in den Wissenschaften und Künsten. Leuphiania Universität Lüneburg

24-25 October 2019

Mobilization of Resources for Aeronautical Research of Nazi Germany. The Outpost of the Aerodynamic Experimental Station at Prague, 1940-1945. Workshop: Science, Occupation, War: 1939-1945, National Technical Museum Prague.

Publications

Schmaltz, Florian (2020). “Ludwig Prandtl und die Deutsche Akademie der Luftfahrtforschung 1936-1945.” In Forschen im “Zeitalter der Extreme”: Akademien und andere Forschungseinrichtungen im Nationalsozialismus und nach 1945, ed. D. Schumann, 227–261. Göttingen: Wallstein.

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Schmaltz, Florian (2018). “Die Deutsche Akademie der Luftfahrtforschung 1936–1945: Hermann Görings nationalsozialistische Muster-Akademie?” In Das Andere und das Selbst: Perspektiven diesseits und jenseits der Kulturgeschichte; Doris Kaufmann zum 65. Geburtstag, ed. J. Balcar and N. Balcar, 69–92. Bremen: Edition Temmen.

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Schmaltz, Florian (2016). “Luftfahrtforschung auf Expansionskurs : die Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt in den besetzten Gebieten.” In Ressourcenmobilisierung : Wissenschaftspolitik und Forschungspraxis im NS-Herrschaftssystem, ed. S. Flachowsky, R. Hachtmann, and F. Schmaltz, 326–382. Göttingen: Wallstein.

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Schmaltz, Florian (2011). “Luftfahrtforschung unter deutscher Besatzung : die Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt Göttingen und ihre Außenstellen in Frankreich im Zweiten Weltkrieg.” In Fremde Wissenschaftler unter Hitler, ed. D. Hoffmann and M. Walker, 384–407. Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag.

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Schmaltz, Florian (2010). “Vom Nutzen und Nachteil der Luftfahrtforschung im NS-Regime. Die Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt Göttingen und die Strahltriebwerksforschung im Zweiten Weltkrieg.” In Vom Nutzen der Wissenschaft. Über eine prekäre Beziehung, ed. C. Pieper and F. Uekötter, 67–113. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.

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Epple, Moritz and Florian Schmaltz (2010). “Das Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik und Selbstorganisation.” In Denkorte. Max-Planck-Gesellschaft und Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft. Brüche und Kontinuitäten 1911-2011, ed. P. Gruss and R. Rürup, 137–145. Dresden: Sandstein Verlag.

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