This Special Issue gathers studies from ten scholars who discuss the relationship between Buddhism, Science, and Technology, focusing on the challenges that Buddhism faces in the processes of modernization and digitization. This relationship can be discussed from multiple angles, such as the relationship between Buddhism and astronomy or how new AI language models are being used to translate scriptures. Buddhists have also consciously engaged in scientific pursuits in the past, evidence of which is found in diverse sources. In some instances, modern Buddhist authors have had to address theoretical models from Western science and then connect them with the Buddhadharma. This Special Issue gathers diverse voices to investigate this important aspect of Buddhism requiring ongoing consideration.