Resources used for teaching at medieval universities became increasingly enriched by pictorial material, particularly during the fourteenth century. This preprint by Matteo Valleriani, Rifat-Sara Pearl, and Liron Ben Arzi explores the epistemic function of pictorial material—images of science—in the context of medieval and early modern medicine, alchemy, and anatomy. Originally based on a seminar delivered at the Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas at the University of Tel Aviv by Matteo Valleriani, the work is the result of a science history exhibition supported by curator Yifat-Sara Pearl, for which students collaborated with artist and designer Liron Ben Arzi to further develop their research activities.