Discussant: Márton Vér (University of Hamburg)

This chapter investigates how agricultural knowledge was reshaped as it moved across linguistic, cultural, and temporal boundaries in fourteenth-century Eurasia. Focusing on the plural temporal frameworks embedded in agricultural manuals—calendrical systems, religious rites, phenological markers—it asks how authors selectively used, omitted, or translated these frameworks when adapting knowledge for new audiences, genres, and political contexts. At a historical moment when multiple ways of reckoning time coexisted and often competed, writing about agriculture required season-ing time: infusing the rhythms of farming with chosen layers of meaning drawn from religion, state bureaucracy, natural observation, and local practice. The chapter traces these processes in the case of two agricultural texts, one Arabic and one Chinese, considering Eurasian transfers and connections that gave rise to both shared conventions and distinct textual strategies. Positioned within the book series Agriculture and the Making of Sciences, 1100–1700: Texts, Practices, and Knowledge Transmission in Asia (AMOS), this study treats agriculture not as a static body of techniques but as a dynamic site of knowledge production through which humans understood their environment and negotiated change.